Production of metallic soaps Most heavy metal soaps are prepared by neutralization of purified fatty acids: 2 RCO 2H + CaO → (RCO 2) 2Ca + H 2O Toilet soaps In a domestic setting, 'soap' usually refers to what is technically called a toilet soap, used for household and personal cleaning. Metal soaps are also included in modern artists' oil paints formulations as a modifier. In ancient times, lubricating greases were made by the addition of to olive oil. Such soaps are also used as thickeners to increase the viscosity of oils. Many other metallic soaps are also useful, including those of aluminium, sodium, and mixtures of them. ![]() Greases are usually emulsions of or and mineral oil. Non-toilet soaps Soaps are key components of most lubricating and thickeners. When M = Li, the result is lithium soaps (), which are used in high performance greases. ![]() When M = Mg, Ca, and many heavy metals (which usually form dications), the soaps are often referred to as metallic soaps. ![]() When M = Na or K, the soaps are called toilet soaps for cleaning. The major classification of soaps is determined by the identity of M n+. Kinds of soaps Since soaps are salt of fatty acids, soaps have the general formula (RCO 2 −) nM n+ (R = long alkyl chain).
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